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Kenneth Harkness (byname of Stanley Edgar;〔''Chess Life'', March 5, 1955, page 4〕〔"Shady Side: The Life and Crimes of Norman Tweed Whitaker, Chess Master", p. 232, ISBN 0-939433-57-5〕 November 12, 1896 – October 4, 1972) was a chess organizer. He is the creator of the Harkness rating system. ==Life and career== He was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He was Business Manager of the United States Chess Federation from 1952 to 1959. He was also the editor of ''Chess Review'', which merged into ''Chess Life''. He had lived in Boca Raton, Florida. He became an International Arbiter in 1972. He was a member of the FIDE Permanent Rules Commission. Harkness was responsible for introducing Swiss system tournaments to the United States, and also introduced the Harkness rating system, which was a precursor to the Elo rating system. One method of tiebreaks in Swiss systems, where players tied on points are ranked by the sum of the opponents scores minus the top score and the bottom score, is named after him. For his services, Harkness is in the U.S. Chess Hall of Fame. With Irving Chernev, Harkness co-wrote ''An Invitation to Chess.'' He was being responsible for a number of the first American chess rulebooks. Harkness died on a train in Yugoslavia, on his way to Skopje to be an arbiter at the Chess Olympiad. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kenneth Harkness」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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